Brain charts for the human lifespan

For decades, growth charts for human traits such as head circumference, body weight, and height have served as a prime example of personalized precision medicine. Unfortunately, no equivalent reference charts exist the brain. In this paper, we developed computational models to quantify individual differences in brain structure from any brain imaging scan benchmarked against normative age-related trends, based on one of the largest and most inclusive brain MRI datasets ever aggregated. Individual deviations from normative trends were highly sensitive to both genetic and environmental factors, which have interconnected influences on risk and resilience to brain disorders over the whole human life-cycle.